Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects how the brain works. People with schizophrenia experience psychosis, which means they can have serious problems with thinking clearly, emotions, and knowing what is real and what is not.
This can include hearing or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations), and having very strange beliefs that are abnormal or not true (delusions).
Having psychosis often makes a person want to keep away from other people. They may have problems understanding other people’s emotions and may feel depressed or irritable.
What causes schizophrenia?
The causes of schizophrenia are not yet fully understood.
Some things that make it more likely that someone will develop schizophrenia are:
• having particular genes
• physical injuries to the brain
• traumatic experiences
• using drugs such as cannabis.
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Symptoms vary from person to person, and commonly include:
• hearing or seeing things that are not real (hallucinations)
• having very strange beliefs (delusions)
• unusual thinking and speech
• having problems thinking clearly
• not being able to make decisions and having trouble
making plans
• having trouble interpreting other people’s emotions and
motives
• Suicidal thoughts.
Some symptoms are described as ‘positive’ and others as ‘negative’.
Common ‘positive’ symptoms are hallucinations and delusions. (These are called ‘positive’ because they are extra experiences that are not part of the normal experience).
Common ‘negative’ symptoms are: a loss of enjoyment of things, being unable to feel emotions, loss of interest in being with other people, and not being bothered to do anything. (These are called ‘negative’ because something is missing).
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