Bipolar disorder is a mental health illness characterised by periods of significant mood abnormalities (better known as episodes). Bipolar disorder has an impact on one’s emotions, thoughts, and conduct.
Bipolar disorders are classified into two categories: bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I disorder, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is characterised by episodes of intense mania and, in some cases, depression. Hypomania is a milder version of mania that occurs in bipolar II illness.
A major depressive episode (one or more) is common in bipolar I disorder, but it is not needed. Bipolar II disorder is characterised by one or more major depression episodes. Both diseases can have periods of euthymia, which is a phrase for emotionally stable periods.
Depressive Episodes
Typical signs of a serious depressive episode include:4
- Hypersomnia or insomnia
- Uncontrollable or unexplained crying
- Extreme exhaustion
- During euthymia, the patient loses interest in items he or she appreciates.
- Suicidal or death-related ideas
Manic episodes can last up to seven days. A manic episode may cause the following symptoms:5
- A significant increase in energy
- Euphoric feelings
- Delusions or hallucinations
- heightened sexual drive
- Sleeping requirements are reduced.
Individuals experiencing a manic episode may engage in unsafe sexual conduct, excessive spending, or impulsive decision-making.
Some people believe that having a “manic episode” signifies becoming a “maniac.” That is not correct. It’s also worth noting that having mania does not automatically imply becoming violent or dangerous.
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